1.木材市場(chǎng)價(jià)倒算法

　　1. Wood market price inversion algorithm

　　木材市場(chǎng)價(jià)倒算法又叫剩余價(jià)值法，它是將被評(píng)估林木資產(chǎn)皆伐后所得木材的市場(chǎng)銷售總收入，扣除木材生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)所消耗的成本和合理利潤(rùn)后，剩余價(jià)值部分作為林木資產(chǎn)評(píng)估值的一種方法。

　　The timber market price inversion algorithm, also known as the residual value method, is a method of evaluating the value of timber assets by deducting the cost and reasonable profit of timber production and operation from the total market sales revenue of timber obtained after the evaluation of timber assets.

　　其計(jì)算公式為: E=W-C-F

　　The calculation formula is: E=W-C-F

　　式中:E-林木資產(chǎn)評(píng)估值;W-銷售總收入;C-木材經(jīng)營(yíng)成本(包括采運(yùn)成本、銷售費(fèi)用、管理費(fèi)用、財(cái)務(wù)費(fèi)用及有關(guān)稅費(fèi));F一木材生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)。

　　In the formula: E-forest asset evaluation value; W-Total sales revenue; C - Wood operating costs (including transportation costs, sales expenses, management expenses, financial expenses, and related taxes and fees); F - Profit from timber production and operation.

　　木材市場(chǎng)價(jià)倒算法主要用于成、過熟林的林木資源資產(chǎn)評(píng)估，但在一般的收益現(xiàn)值法、林地期望價(jià)法、收獲現(xiàn)值法中，其林分主伐的預(yù)期收獲的計(jì)算均是采用該法進(jìn)行，它是森林資源資產(chǎn)評(píng)估中最基本的方法。

　　The timber market price inversion algorithm is mainly used for the evaluation of forest resource assets in mature and overripe forests. However, in general methods such as present value of income, expected value of forest land, and present value of harvest, this method is used to calculate the expected harvest of the main cutting of the forest stand. It is the most basic method in forest resource asset evaluation.

　　當(dāng)森林培育與木材生產(chǎn)為同一方時(shí)，評(píng)估人員應(yīng)結(jié)合評(píng)估目的等因素，恰當(dāng)確定是否扣減木材生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)F。

　　When forest cultivation and wood production are the same, evaluators should consider factors such as evaluation purposes to determine whether to deduct the profit F from wood production and operation.

　　(1)選擇評(píng)估方法。本題可考慮采用木材市場(chǎng)價(jià)倒算法評(píng)估。

　　(1) Choose an evaluation method. This question can be evaluated using the wood market price inversion algorithm.

　　(2)調(diào)查后搜集到的相關(guān)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)。

　　(2) Relevant technical and economic indicators collected after investigation.

　　①木材價(jià)格。木材價(jià)格以委托評(píng)估資產(chǎn)附近林產(chǎn)品交易市場(chǎng)木材銷售價(jià)為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合待評(píng)估林木資產(chǎn)的實(shí)際平均胸徑綜合確定木材的平均售價(jià)。

　　① Wood prices. The price of timber is based on the sales price of timber in the forest product trading market near the entrusted evaluation asset, and the average selling price of timber is determined by combining the actual average breast height diameter of the evaluated forest asset.

　　經(jīng)調(diào)查分析，樺原木售價(jià)為800元/立方米，樺綜合材售價(jià)為600元/立方米。

　　After investigation and analysis, the selling price of birch logs is 800 yuan/cubic meter, and the selling price of birch composite materials is 600 yuan/cubic meter.

　　②木材經(jīng)營(yíng)成本。木材經(jīng)營(yíng)成本主要包含伐區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)、檢尺費(fèi)、采造集裝、運(yùn)費(fèi)、銷售管理費(fèi)等，以出材量為計(jì)算基數(shù)，合計(jì)為170元/立方米。

　　② Wood operating costs. The operating costs of timber mainly include cutting area design fees, measuring fees, container loading fees, transportation fees, sales management fees, etc., calculated based on the output of timber, totaling 170 yuan/cubic meter.

　　③木材銷售稅費(fèi)。木材銷售稅費(fèi)主要包含增值稅、城建稅、維簡(jiǎn)費(fèi)、不可預(yù)見費(fèi)等，合計(jì)按銷售收入的18%征收。

　　③ Wood sales tax and fee. The sales tax for timber mainly includes value-added tax, urban construction tax, maintenance fees, unforeseeable expenses, etc., which are levied at a total of 18% of the sales revenue.

　　④經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)率。按木材經(jīng)營(yíng)成本的 16%計(jì)算。

　　④ Operating profit margin. Calculated at 16% of the operating cost of wood.

　　⑤出材率。按委估資產(chǎn)地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“xx市縣林區(qū)商品林主要樹種出材率表”，胸徑為15厘米的樺木出材率為 60%(其中原木 25%，綜合材 35%)。

　　⑤ Material output rate. According to the local standard for asset valuation, the yield rate of main tree species in commercial forests in XX city and county forest areas is 60% for birch with a breast height diameter of 15 centimeters (including 25% for logs and 35% for composite timber).

　　(3)根據(jù)上述指標(biāo)，評(píng)估過程及結(jié)論如下:

　　(3) Based on the above indicators, the evaluation process and conclusion are as follows:

　　①主伐收入W=50x180x25%x800+50x180x35%x600=3690000(元)

　　① Main logging revenue W=50x180x25% x800+50x180x35% x600=3690000 (yuan)

　　②主伐成本=經(jīng)營(yíng)成本+銷售稅費(fèi)

　　② Main cutting cost=operating cost+sales tax

　　C=(50x180x25%+50x180x35%)x170+3690 000x18%=1582 200(元)

　　C=(50x180x25%+50x180x35%) x170+3690000x18%=1582200 (yuan)

　　③木材經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)F=1582200x16%=253 152(元)

　　③ Wood operating profit F=1582200x16%=253 152 (yuan)

　　④該林分評(píng)估值=3690000-1582200-253 152 =1 854 648 (元)

　　④ The assessed value of this forest stand is 3690000-1582200-253 152=1854648 (yuan)

　　2.市場(chǎng)成交價(jià)比較法

　　2. Market transaction price comparison method

　　市場(chǎng)成交價(jià)比較法是將相同或類似的森林資源資產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)行市場(chǎng)成交價(jià)格作為比較基礎(chǔ)，估算擬評(píng)估森林資源資產(chǎn)評(píng)估值的方法。

　　The market transaction price comparison method is a method of estimating the evaluation value of forest resource assets based on the current market transaction prices of the same or similar forest resource assets.

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